Military history

In his last official photo, Adolf Hitler leaves the safety of his bunker to award decorations to members of Hitler Youth. (Photo by Keystone Features/Getty Images)

Why did the Nazis fight to the death?

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Imperial Endgame

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Back to school and Hitler’s schemes for war . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Clean-up crews salvaging what they can from the ruins of buildings in Hornsey, a north London suburb, 1944. (Photo by © Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images)

Hitler’s secret weapon

A Saracen attack on Crusaders, from the French manuscript 'Chroniques de Saint Denis', c1200. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

Traders and crusaders

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The British Confederate

Second World War

Aerial bombing

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Operation Barbarossa, which began on 22 June 1941, saw more than three million German troops surge into the Soviet Union along a front of more than 1,000 miles. (Photo by Art Media/Print Collector/Getty Images)

Barbarossa and Britain . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

The Saint-Quentin canal, part of the Germans’ Hindenburg Line, which the Allies broke through on Sunday 29 September 1918. (Photo by 2nd Lt. D McLellan/ IWM via Getty Images)

The Library Why didn’t the Allies march on Berlin in 1918?

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German Spring Offensive: reserve troops in Saint Quentin on their way to the front, March 1918. (Photo by ullstein bild/ullstein bild via Getty Images)

How the war was won . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. He

My history hero: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938) . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

In search of the Dunkirk spirit

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News for the BBC’s Domesday Project and the future of the National Archives . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Acclaimed military historian Professor Richard Holmes has died

British ordinance workers put the final touches to anti-aircraft gun barrels, c1940. (Photo by Hudson/Topical Press Agency/Getty Images)

A colossus at war