Medicine and health

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How has the way in which we understand the menopause evolved over time? (Illustration by Megan Reddi)

A time of change: a history of our understanding of the menopause . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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The 16th-century painting, Triumph of Death, by Jan Brueghel the Elder depicts an army of skeletons ravaging the Earth (Photo by akg-images)

6 moments when diseases drastically altered human history . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Pod Jonathan Kennedy WL

How germs shaped human history . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Pod Jessica Cox WL

Pregnancy & childbirth in the 19th century . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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'The Reward of Cruelty', 1751, by William Hogarth (Photo by Guildhall Library & Art Gallery/Heritage Images/Getty Images)

“An enlightened turn”: how medicine (and the vaccination) developed in 18th-century Britain . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Pod James Freeman WL

Curious cures for medieval maladies . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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1450 farmworkers planting seeds and harrowing a ploughed field.

Medieval wellness: how our New Year’s resolutions mirror the Middle Ages . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Elizabeth Garret Anderson seated at a desk reading

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson: the first woman to qualify as a doctor in Britain

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Pod Paul Craddock WL

Surgical history: everything you wanted to know . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

A group of surgeons operate with the use of carbolic acid, a disinfectant also known as phenol, in an era when surgical gowns, caps, masks and gloves had not yet dawned.(Photo by Getty Images)

General History

From bone setting in ancient Egypt to organ transplants: a brief history of surgery

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Pod Andrew Scull WL

American psychiatry: a tortured history . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Clinic at the School of Dentistry, Paris, 1892. A female student treating a patient under supervision. (Photo by Oxford Science Archive/Print Collector/Getty Images)

Q&A What are the roots of dentistry? . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Circulation of the blood, 1628. English physician William Harvey (1578-1657) was the first to correctly describe the mechanism whereby blood is circulated in the body. Diagram showing the existence of valves in veins. From Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis et sanguinis in animalibus, by William Harvey. (Photo by The Print Collector/Getty Images)

A medical renaissance? . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

The opthalmoscope

Victorian medicine: why the 19th century was a time of seismic medical change

A medieval illustration showing a doctor bleeding a patient

General History

A history of medicine 14 surprising facts