Painting of Louis VIII and Blanche of Castille

Kings and queens

A bust of Queen Nefertiti of Ancient Egypt. (Photo by Oliver Lang/AFP/Getty Images)

Your guide to Egypt’s sun queen Nefertiti

Tutankhamun death mask

QuizTutankhamun: do you know all the boy king’s secrets?. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Happier days: The tsar and his family pose for a portrait in c1910, years before he was swept from power and murdered. Maria, Olga and Tatiana (left to right) are at the back. Alexandra and Nicholas are seated with Alexey at their feet. Anastasia is far right. (Photo by Getty Images)

The last days of the Romanovs: could George V have saved the family?

Members of the royal family: Prince Louis; Prince George; Prince William, Duke of Cambridge; Princess Charlotte; Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge; Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall; Prince Charles, Prince of Wales; Princess Anne, Princess Royal; and Queen Elizabeth II during the Queen's annual birthday parade on 8 June 2019 in London, England. (Photo by Chris Jackson/Getty Images)

Q&AHow did the royals choose 'Windsor'?

QuizRichard III: how much do you know about the last Plantagenet king?. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Portrait of King George V of England. (Photo by Getty Images)

Your guide to King George V: facts about his life, reign and death

The pretenders who threatened Henry VII’s crown. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Peter O’Toole (top) plays Henry II alongside Richard Burton

"Will no one rid me of this meddlesome priest?" The truth behind Henry II's notorious lament

Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, back to back

‘Two steps behind’: male royal consorts through history. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

The Imperial State Crown

Second World War

Q&AWhere were the crown jewels kept during World War II?

King John hunting on horseback, 14th century. (Photo by Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images)

Was King John murdered?. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Helen CarrThe Red Prince: John of Gaunt, the Father of Monarchy. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Portrait of John of Gaunt

John of Gaunt: father of England’s medieval monarchy and self-styled Spanish king

Cleopatra bust. (Photo by Getty Images)

Cleopatra: unpicking myth from reality. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Our illustration shows Thomas Boleyn, whose flair for diplomacy and mastery of languages made him one of Henry VIII's most trusted ambassadors. (Illustration by Sean McSorley)

Thomas Boleyn: why Anne Boleyn's father was more than a grasping courtier

Newark Castle flanked by the river Trent. To say that King John's death here in 1216 was little-lamented is something of an understatement. "With John's foul deeds all England is stinking, as does hell, to which he is now sinking," wrote the chronicler Matthew Paris. (Getty Images)

King John and the French invasion. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Battle of Barnet: This lively, if inaccurate, 15th- century illustration of the shows a coronet- wearing Edward skewering Warwick with his lance

The battle of Barnet, 1471: the Wars of the Roses clash that killed the Kingmaker. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

The Elizabethans: everything you wanted to know. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Richard III: your guide to the last Yorkist king of England

The 'Alexander Mosaic' showing Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great: all you need to know about the empire builder and military genius

A portrait of Marie Antoinette

Q&ADid Marie Antoinette really say “let them eat cake”?

A medieval illustration of women fighting and toiling alongside men during a siege

Crusader queens: the formidable female rulers of Jerusalem. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Josephine Baker with her adopted children. She called them the ‘Rainbow Tribe’. (Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images)

Memorable mothers: history’s most remarkable mums. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

The Roman emperors: everything you wanted to know. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Henry the Young King is crowned in 1170. (Wikimedia Commons)

The real King Arthur and his Lancelot? Henry the Young King's remarkable friendship with William Marshal. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon

Prince Arthur, Catherine of Aragon, and Henry VIII: a story of early Tudor triumph and tragedy

Nefertiti: wife, mother, pharaoh. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Nathen AminHenry VII and the Tudor Pretenders. This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

6 articles about…the Victorian era

A painting of Henry IV, housed in the National Portrait Gallery, London. English earls, Scottish kings, French dukes and a Welsh prince all tried to unseat Henry, yet this most resilient of medieval monarchs prevailed over them all. (Photo by Getty Images)

Henry IV: the usurper king