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Brendan Sims, professor of the history of international relations at the University of Cambridge

Books interview with Brendan Simms: “Hitler didn’t see Germany’s main enemy as Soviet communism, but Anglo-American capitalism” . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

19th-century mugshots

The real Peaky Blinders

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Aerial view of Dover Castle

Explore Explore Dover Castle: Britain’s first line of defence . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Dire straits: Beggars are depicted in a woodcut. In the 16th century, waves of crop failures persuaded the government to place poor relief on the statute book. (Image by Bridgeman)

Taxing the rich to feed the poor in the 17th century: the world’s first welfare state

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Native American leader Sitting Bull

History hero Steven Knight chooses Sitting Bull (1831–90) . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

A 16th-century map showing Magellan's ship

A voyage from hell: how Magellan’s circumnavigation of the world changed history

US soldiers in Vietnam

From the Napoleonic Wars to Vietnam and Iraq: a history of war trauma

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Changdeokgung Palace in South Korea

Travel Seoul, South Korea: a modern metropolis rising from ruins . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Families in a London slum, c1900

From slums to suburbs: Britain’s council house revolution

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Cavalry charge into a crowd of protesters at St Peter's Field, Manchester, as depicted in an 1819 engraving. What followed was the worst violence ever to occur at a political meeting in Britain. (Picture by Alamy)

The Peterloo Massacre: what did it achieve? . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

A sculpture dedicated to King Leonidas of the Spartans in Thermopylae, Greece. (Photo by iStock/Getty Images Plus)

Q&A Were there really only 300 Spartans at the Battle of Thermopylae?

Margaretha Geertruida Zelle called Mata Hari (Photo by Apic/Getty Images)

First World War

Mata Hari: exotic dancer, femme fatale, traitor and spy

(© Public Domain)

General Early Modern

Everything you need to know about the Holy Roman Empire

A portrait of Sir Walter Ralegh

Q&A Did Sir Walter Ralegh really lay down his cloak for Elizabeth I?

Lázaro Cárdenas, Mexico's left-wing president who in 1940 legalised drugs. (Photo by Henry Guttmann/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

The year Mexico legalised drugs