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A refugee family in a camp in Pakistan after the partition of British India in 1947

Enduring trauma: the legacy of partition . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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What to read next The latest history books reviewed

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Reverend Spencer Parsons, head of the Chicago branch of the Clergy Consultation Service (CCS), an interfaith group dedicated to helping women obtain abortions before 'Roe v Wade'

The American clergy who helped women get abortions before Roe v Wade . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

A British poster dated 1917 designed by Bert Thomas. (Photo by Pictorial Press Ltd/Alamy Stock Photo)

A brief history of smoking

Flames and smoke are seen billowing from the roof at Notre-Dame cathedral in Paris, 15 April 2019. Yet despite the devastation, the fire is “not the worst chapter in its 850-year history”, argues Dr Emily Guerry. (Patrick Anidjar/AFP/Getty Images)

Notre-Dame fire "It's extraordinary what has survived"

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The origins of the Conservative Party can be traced to the ‘Tory’ group in parliament which emerged in the last quarter of the 17th century and, led by Lord Bolingbroke (pictured) and Robert Harley, held power during the final years of Queen Anne’s reign. (Photo by Culture Club/Getty Images)

Why are they called Tories? A brief history of the Conservative Party . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Montage of five British prime ministers: David Lloyd George, Neville Chamberlain, Anthony Eden, James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher

Prime ministers Five of the greatest downfalls of the past 100 years . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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A portrait of Benjamin Franklin. (Photo by Universal History Archive/Getty Images)

The Treaty of Paris 1783: how to negotiate an exit . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Woman wearing a bikini

Why we should remember The launch of the swimsuit that scandalised the world

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An overturned vehicle on tramlines as a blockage to traffic during the General Strike of 1926

A brief history of strike action . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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The life and death of Elvis Presley

October 1876: General Nelson Miles talking with Chief Sitting Bull after the army's defeat at Little Bighorn

The battle of Little Bighorn: what happened at ‘Custer’s last stand’?

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Historian Joyce Lee Malcolm

Joyce Lee Malcolm on gun ownership in America “Why is the right to be armed such an emotional one for Americans? No police force can protect everyone, or even any one, all of the time” . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Queen Elizabeth II, in March 2022 - the year of her platinum jubilee (Photo by Getty Images)

Britain’s golden jubilees: from George III to Elizabeth II . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

A painting of Jean Thurel, a French soldier whose life spanned three centuries

Jean Thurel: the oldest soldier in history?