Spain

A painting showing the defeat of the Spanish Armada

The Spanish Armada: all at sea

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Pliny the Elder depicted in a mid-12th century miniature, writing and giving his book to Roman emperor Vespasian. (Photo by Photo12/UIG/Getty Images)

My history hero Pliny the Elder (AD 23–79) . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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The battle of Agincourt and the Spanish communists . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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An illustrated map of Seville.

Ye olde travel guide: Seville, 1670 . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

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Illustration by Jonty Clark.

Ye olde travel guide: Madrid 1621 . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

The Spanish Armada: Tudor spin portrayed the events of August 1588 as a glorious English victory but, argues Robert Hutchinson, bad weather and bad tactics had more to do with the Spanish fleet's failure than Elizabethan derring-do. (Ann Ronan Pictures/Print Collector/Getty Images)

The Spanish Armada: England’s lucky escape

An illustration depicting the battle of Naseby, arguably one of the most significant land battles in British history. (Ann Ronan Pictures/Print Collector/Getty Images)

20 important battles that shaped Britain

Spain’s maritime decline

Two women from South America. Six centuries ago South American civilisations matched the west in some respects. (Getty Images)

The wonder of the west