England

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Linda Porter.

The mistresses of Charles II . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

c1895: Queen Victoria with her family. Standing left to right: Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein; Prince Henry of Battenberg; Count Arthur Mensdorff-Pouilly; Beatrice, Princess Henry of Battenberg; George, Duke of York. Seated left to right: Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg; Queen Victoria; Victoria Mary, Duchess of York holding Prince Edward of York; Prince Arthur of Connaught; and Prince Alexander of Battenberg. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

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Thomas Cromwell. (Photo by Gustavo Tomsich/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images)

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Julian of Norwich holds her famous book in a sculpture at the doors of Norwich Cathedral. (Photo by Creative Commons Wiki)

Julian of Norwich: Janina Ramirez hails ‘the female Chaucer’

A depiction of the Norman army, from the Bayeux Tapestry

Everything you wanted to know about the 1066 Norman invasion and the battle of Hastings – but were afraid to ask

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Dance of Death, printed by Jacob Meydenbach, Germany 1492. (Photo by Alamy)

The Black Death and social change . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

The Church of St Martin of Tours in Canterbury

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Illustration of Elizabeth I in a cage

What if... The Spanish Armada had landed? . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Children in Auschwitz

Second World War

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Our composite image shows Henry II framed by an Arabic arch. Henry claimed he

King Henry II: the Muslim monarch of medieval England?

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Illustration of Boudica, victorious over the Romans

What if… Boudica had defeated the Romans? . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.

Two scenes from the Chronique de St Denis, late 14th century. The left-hand scene depicts the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine and Louis VII of France in 1137. The scene on the right shows Louis departing by ship to go on the Second Crusade in 1147. (Photo by Ann Ronan Pictures/Print Collector/Getty Images)

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A portrait of the young Elizabeth I. (Photo by Art Collection 2/Alamy Stock Photo)

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The effects of the disease known as the Black Death

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A visitor looks at the Bayeux tapestry in Bayeux, western France. (Photo by LOIC VENANCE/AFP via Getty Images)

The Normans: everything you wanted to know . This is a premium piece of content available to subscribed users.